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Accessibility Hints

                      Accessibility

                      Website accessibility is about designing and developing your website to make it usable and accessible for users with disabilities. More specifically, accessibility allows disabled users to perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with your website.

                      Improving your site's accessibility also has a number of user benefits for those who are not disabled, such as users on smaller screens, older users, and people with 'situational limitations' such as in bright sunlight or in an environment where they cannot listen to audio

                      Automated accessibility testing

                      Sitebulb's accessibility audit utilizes the open source axe library developed by Deque, running 50+ automated accessibility checks against the content and code of every page of your website.

                      This is the same technology that powers the accessibility audit in Google's Lighthouse tool, so you can perform a spot-check on a single URL or debug further in the browser using Lighthouse.

                      Sitebulb's Hint system will show you every violation found on each page, and each violation is wired up to the Deque University axe Rules via a Learn More link, which explain what the rule means, what it is looking for, and how to fix it.

                      Accessibility Hints

                      Accessibility Hints

                      The accessibility ruleset spans a number of different aspects, as follows:

                      WCAG 2.0 Level A & AA Rules

                      1. <audio> elements must have a captions <track>
                      2. <blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used
                      3. <dl> elements must only directly contain properly-ordered <dt> and <dd> groups, <script>, or <template> elements
                      4. <dt> and <dd> elements must be contained by a <dl>
                      5. <html> element must have a lang attribute
                      6. <html> element must have a valid value for the lang attribute
                      7. <html> elements with lang and xml:lang must have the same base language
                      8. <li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol>
                      9. <marquee> elements are deprecated and must not be used
                      10. <object> elements must have alternate text
                      11. <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements
                      12. <video> elements must have a <track> for captions
                      13. Active <area> elements must have alternate text
                      14. All <th> elements and elements with role="columnheader" or role="rowheader" must have data cells they describe
                      15. All cells in a <table> element that use the headers attribute must only refer to other cells of that same <table>
                      16. ARIA attributes must conform to valid names
                      17. ARIA attributes must conform to valid values
                      18. ARIA button, link, and menuitem must have an accessible name
                      19. ARIA input fields must have an accessible name
                      20. ARIA meter must have an accessible name
                      21. ARIA progressbar must have an accessible name
                      22. ARIA roles used must conform to valid values
                      23. ARIA toggle fields have an accessible name
                      24. ARIA tooltip must have an accessible name
                      25. aria-hidden elements do not contain focusable elements
                      26. aria-hidden="true" must not be present on the document <body>
                      27. Audio must have controls that provide users with the ability to stop automatically played audio after three seconds
                      28. Buttons must have discernible text
                      29. Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parent elements
                      30. Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children
                      31. Documents must contain a title element to aid in navigation
                      32. Elements containing role="img" have an alternative text
                      33. Elements must only use allowed ARIA attributes
                      34. Ensure that scrollable region has keyboard access
                      35. Ensures <frame> and <iframe> elements with focusable content do not have tabindex=-1
                      36. Form <input> elements must have labels
                      37. Form fields do not have duplicate labels
                      38. Frames must have title attribute
                      39. ID attribute value must be unique
                      40. ID attribute values must be unique
                      41. IDs used in ARIA and labels must be unique
                      42. Image buttons must have alternate text
                      43. Images must have alternate text
                      44. Input buttons must have discernible text
                      45. lang attribute must have a valid value
                      46. Links must have discernible text
                      47. Nested interactive controls are not announced by screen readers
                      48. Page must have means to bypass repeated blocks
                      49. Required ARIA attributes must be provided
                      50. select element must have an accessible name
                      51. Server-side image maps must not be used
                      52. SVG images and graphics require accessible text
                      53. Text elements must have sufficient color contrast against the background
                      54. Timed refresh must not exist
                      55. Use aria-roledescription on elements with a semantic role

                      WCAG 2.1 Level A & AA Rules

                      1. Autocomplete attribute must be used correctly
                      2. Inline text spacing must be adjustable with custom stylesheets

                      WCAG 2.0 and 2.1 level AAA rules

                      1. All text elements must have sufficient contrast between text in the foreground and background colors behind it in accordance with WCAG 2 AAA contrast ratio thresholds.
                      2. Ensure that links with the same accessible name serve a similar purpose
                      3. Meta refresh must not exist

                      Best Practice Rules

                      1. accesskey attribute value must be unique
                      2. All page content must be contained by landmarks
                      3. ARIA dialog and alertdialog must have an accessible name
                      4. ARIA role must be appropriate for the element
                      5. ARIA treeitem must have an accessible name
                      6. Banner landmark must not be contained in another landmark
                      7. Complementary landmarks and/or asides are top level
                      8. Contentinfo landmark must not be contained in another landmark
                      9. Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero
                      10. Elements whose role is none or presentation must not conflict with other roles
                      11. Ensures role="text" is used on elements with no focusable descendants
                      12. Ensures table headers have discernible text
                      13. Ensures the document has at most one main landmark
                      14. Form <input> elements should have a visible label
                      15. Frames must be tested with axe-core
                      16. Frames must have a unique title attribute
                      17. Heading levels should only increase by one
                      18. Headings must not be empty
                      19. Landmarks must have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) combination
                      20. Main landmark must not be contained in another landmark
                      21. Page must contain a level-one heading
                      22. Page must have one main landmark
                      23. Page must not have more than one banner landmark
                      24. Page must not have more than one contentinfo landmark
                      25. Scope attribute should be used correctly on tables
                      26. Text of buttons and links should not be repeated in the image alternative
                      27. The <caption> element should not contain the same text as the summary attribute
                      28. The skip-link target should exist and be focusable
                      29. Users should be able to zoom and scale the text up to 500%
                      30. Zooming and scaling must not be disabled

                      Experimental Rules

                      1. All non-empty <td> elements in tables larger than 3 by 3 must have an associated table header
                      2. Bold, italic text and font-size are not used to style <p> elements as a heading
                      3. CSS Media queries are not used to lock display orientation
                      4. Data or header cells should not be used to give caption to a data table
                      5. Elements in the focus order need a role appropriate for interactive content
                      6. Hidden content on the page cannot be analyzed
                      7. Label and name from content mismatch
                      8. Links must be distinguished from surrounding text in a way that does not rely on color

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